The Simple Plurality System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 936 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? In Brittan the Simple Plurality System (FPTP) is used for general elections. However, the need for an electoral reform has been argued and a referendum on changing the electoral system from First-Past-The-Post to the Alternative Vote will be held on any day before the end of October 2011. This essay will include the problems of First-Past-The-Post and will discuss whether the Alternative Vote would be fairer. First-Past-The-Post or the Single Plurality System is an electoral system in which a candidate only needs the plurality of votes to win i.e. more votes than any other candidate, and doesnt need an overall majority. That is why this system is sometimes called the winner-take-all-system. However, it is possible to win with an overall majority and when a party regularly does so in a specific constituency; the seat of that constituency is called a safe seat. Whereas, when a party wins with a small margin in a particular constituency, the seat would be called a marginal seat and that could be easily changed. The main argument against FPTP is that it is disproportional, i.e. the percentage share of the popular vote of parties does not reflect the percentage share of seats. This means that candidates can be elected on a small amount of public support. For instance, in 1997 Labour won 419 out of 659 seats, which is 63% of seats, although it only won 43% of the votes. In addition, it has been argued that this system promotes tactical voting, that is people voting against the party they dislike rather than for the party they support. As well as that, a common argument against FPTP is that it wastes a huge amount of votes, since votes of the losing candidates and the surplus votes of the winning candidates are counted for nothing. Also, people who are against FPTP claim that it limits the choice of voters, as they can only vote on a package of policies and if they are dissatisfied with some of the policies that the partys manifesto contains they cannot express their opinions at the ballot box. Furthermore, it has been argued that FPTP dismays turnout, because many voters are reluctant to vote as they think their vote will not make a difference. This can be illustrated by the fact that turn out in European countries where PR and mixed systems are used is higher than in the UK. For these reasons many people want an electoral reform. The Liberal Democrats Party is the party, who included a pledge of a reform of the voting system. However, the Liberal Democrats wanted to change the system to the Single Transferable Vote system which is a PR system, but as a part of the coalition consensus with the Conservatives, they had to settle for the Alternative Vote. The AV is a majoritarian system, in which preferential voting is used. The referendum was supposed to be held on the 5th of May 2011, but the government lost by 195 votes to 199 on the 6th of December. Therefore, the referendum will be held anytime before the end of O ctober 2011. The main argument for the AV system is that it produces MPs, who have the majority support of the voters i.e. more than 50% of the vote. Moreover, it is argued that this system will lessen tactical voting, as voters can vote for the party they support no matter how small it is while knowing that their vote would still determine the winner. In addition, the division of constituencies under AV is the same as FPTP, so there would be no need for redrawing boundaries and each constituency will still have an MP who represents it. As well as that, supporter of AV believe that it excludes extremist parties which are unlikely to win second-preference votes. Whether or not the AV system is fairer than FPTP depends on individuals interpretation of fair. If fair is seen as more proportional, then some people argue that AV is a fairer system as they claim it is less disproportional than FPTP. Nonetheless, many people disagree and even believe that it could lead to a less propo rtional representation than FPTP and it is a winner takes all system as well. On the other hand, fair might be considered as a system in which the winner is more supported, in that sense, supporters of AV claim that it is fairer since the winner has more than 50% of the votes. Whereas, supporter of FPTP argue that FPTP produces a winner that is the voters first choice rather than their second or third preference. As already mentioned, AV is not the system that the Lib-Dems want; in fact Nick Clegg called it a miserable little compromise. Fiji, Australia and Papua New Guinea are the only three countries that use AV in their national general elections, and two of them are considering leaving it. Moreover, its argued that AV reduced the turnout in Australia, thats why they had to make voting mandatory. President of the no AV campaign Beckett, M (2010) said AV doesnt help democracy, it stands in its way, and I will be urging people to vote no next May. In conclusion, I think elect oral reform is a decision that needs a lot of consideration. Therefore, it is not a good idea to change the voting system to one which wasnt even included in the manifestos of either coalition parties, to choose between two majoritarian systems, to select a system which is more complicated and maybe more disproportional than the current one. In my point of view, even if the country needs an electoral reform, it should consider a different system rather than AV. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Simple Plurality System" essay for you Create order

The Relationship Between Personality And Sports And Exercise

Considerable amounts of research have been carried out on the relationship between personality and sport and exercise. A psychologist known as Eysenck introduced the Personality Theory in which he believed personality traits to have a ‘biological basis’ (Eysenck, H.J 1987). In addition, he also believed personality could be influenced by external factors such as the environment. Eysenck has indicated that there are, at least, three major dimensions of personality variation in the general human population, in which people fall somewhere in between. (Eysenck 1979, 1982; Lynn and Martin 1995). He identified these three main traits as Extroversion-introversion (E), Neuroticism-stability (N) and finally Psychoticism-superego (P). It has been argued that personality type and individual differences influence ones view and approach to, sport and exercise. (Eysenck 1979, 1982; Lynn and Martin 1995). There are many advantages and disadvantages of the different levels of these thre e main traits in different sporting activities. In Eysenck’s personality theory, extroversion is described through characteristics such as outgoing, sociable, optimistic and active. In comparison to this, introverts tend to be shy, reserved individuals who are typically careful and unsociable. (Gorczynski, 2014). According to Eysenck (Eysenck and Eysenck 1985) individual differences in extraversion are based upon variations in cortical arousal (the speed and amount of the brain s activity), which has beenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Figerouas Framework1149 Words   |  5 Pages* Equity affects nearly all aspects of our lives none less than sports such as beach volleyball. Sport is an integral part of today’s society and as such, sport should be organised, participated in and distributed in an equitable manner.The aim of equity in sports is to encourage all people, regardless of age, gender, disability or ethnic origin to participate in and develop their potential within sport. Disputes over equity have been apparent in our society for hundreds of years, over such thingsRead MoreFigueroas Framework973 Words   |  4 Pagesstart playing sport because it is fun; others may join a sporting group because their older brother or sister plays that sport. A new sporting complex may open nearby and provide a chance to try a new sport. Coaching clinics might inspire some people to give a sport a go. Teachers can provide both positive and negative sporting experiences. At school, peers can change adolescents’ attitudes about a sport that was previously enjoyed. 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Even public schools do not allocate enough time for kids to practice sports as much as they do for class-based education. In fact, physical activity for children is not only about pleasure time. Rather, it helps grown-up children to extend their capacity to grasp concepts explained in their classes. Children who are active while doing physical activity are expected to be active at class time. Thus, encouraging sports at school time is essential for child development not only for educationalRead MorePsychological Effects Of Exercise On The Body s Overall Health1736 Wo rds   |  7 PagesPsychological Effects of Exercise It is a well-kenned fact that exercise is very propitious to the body’s overall health. Exercise has been shown to enhance the circulation of blood throughout the body, relinquish solicitousness, boost self-esteem, and ultimately is utilized as a treatment for noetic illnesses. This paper perpetuates to expand fortifying major health benefits of conventional physical activity and exercise. However, there is withal a growing body of erudition that substantiates

Lord of the Flies A classic stands Free Essays

A classic stands the test of time because it presents timeless, universal ideas and people from all times and places can relate to it. William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies stands the test of time because of the universal ideas explored such as good versus evil and the nature of the human conditions. Lord of the Flies can be studied by people over and over again because it will always provide a message no matter who they are or where they come from. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies A classic stands or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, Lord of the Flies will stand the test of time because it explores the universal theme of good versus evil. Early in the novel, it can be seen that all the people are on the good side by calling an assembly using the conch; the conch represents democratic government. Later on in the story, Piggy and Ralph which represent good were versing Jack’s Hunters who represent the evil side. The conflict between the two groups can be seen through the rhetorical questions asked by Piggy before he is killed, â€Å"which is better-to be a pack of painted niggers like you are or to be sensible like Ralph is† and â€Å"which is better, law and rescue or hunting and breaking things up†. We believe that good versus evil will always be related to our society and therefore this book is a classic and will stand the test of time. Secondly, another reason that the Lord of the Flies will stand the test of time is the nature of human conditions such as power and survival shown in the book. In Lord of the Flies, the group of British boys have experienced an air crash and are on an isolated island with no law. They are lead by Ralph which believed they will get rescued, but Jack starts to gain power and forms a new camp as he does not want to follow the rules that Ralph has set up, this can be seen through â€Å"bullocks to the rules! We’re strong-we hunt! If there’s a beast, we’ll hunt it down! We’ll close in and beat and beat and beat! †. It can also be seen from this sentence that Jack and his hunters are getting further away from civilisation when doing things such as hunting for food and killing the beast due to survival. Jack has also used lord of the flies as a fear to control the other boys. The conflict idea of power and survival in the society explored by Golding in this book has made the story classic and timeless. It is therefore obvious that Lord of the Flies is a classic that stands the test of time. The universal idea has made the story timeless. William Golding has also explored the nature of human condition in Lord of the Flies. Both the universal idea and nature of human condition could show that the book stands the test of time. How to cite Lord of the Flies A classic stands, Essay examples

Strategic Planning Is To Structure Busines â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Strategic Planning Is To How to Structure the Business? Answer: Introduction Cassidy (2016) depicts that for an organization it is important to sketch their priorities, vision, mission, focus energy and different agreement for attaining intended business outcomes. This approach of detailed analysis is known as strategic planning. Strategic planning also ensures effective competencies of an organization regarding the fact that they can survive any adversity by marinating their business objectives. Thus, Smith (2013) portrays that absence of effective strategic planning not only results in poor business performance but also suffers for adversity like employee attrition, ineffective brand recognition and slow financial growth. Marketers also utilize some strategic planning tools for assessing their performance regularly and take effective steps for future improvements. Discussion Overview of the strategic planning Short et al. (2013) mentioned that strategic planning is a process of envisioning a desired future and evaluating strategies regarding strengthening operations, allocating resources for different business procedures along with maintaining and developing their companys resources. Organizations in this process evaluate their strength and weakness and assess their ability to develop in the future to attain more financial growth. This planning allows an organization to assess the gaps that have to be overcome for the business intensification (Cassidy, 2016). Strategic planning comprises of four simple steps that serve the purpose of business success. Analysis of the existing state In this stage, marketers evaluate organization's external and internal environment and assess the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats of the organization (Johnston Bate, 2013). The evaluation of the competencies of the rival groups and future scope and barriers for products and services development into a new market will also be assessed during this step. Outlining the future state Albrechts (2013) stated that after assessing the external and internal business environment, in the second phase, marketers develops the mission and vision statement that represents the position. In this phase, they intend to be in future and what approaches they have to take in order to attain those goals. Channon and Jalland (2016) moreover portray that essential values that supports the developed mission and vision is also assessed by the managing authorities of an organization. Determination of objectives and strategies In this step, not only the required approaches are determined but necessary resources are also listed that allows them to attain the business objectives efficiently (Gordon, 2013). Albrechts (2013) thus state that the resource allocation is primarily accomplished in this step. Implementation and evaluation This is the final step, where marketers implement and evaluate the plan. Floros (2015) also explains that in larger organizations like multinational companies or government bodies, this implementation of developed plan are carried out through different set of organizational member. Moreover, Peteraf et al. (2014) depicts that monitoring the entire recess allows mangers to assess whether or not the developed process is effective and whether or not positive results are obtained through the developed plan. Value of the strategic planning in Wesfarmers Wesfarmers being the leader in retail industry in Australia, it is evident that they have an effective strategic plan through which the concerned organization able to attain much financial growth and business success. Wesfarmers desires to increase their business divisions and hence obtained many acquisitions since 1984 to 2007 (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). As a result, by the year 2009,the concerned organization has nine divisions- Coles Group, Home Improvement Office Supplies, Target Group, K Mart Group, Resources, Insurance, Industrial- - Safety, Chemicals- - Fertilisers Division and Energy (Floros, 2015). The success in the business growth for Wesfarmers can easily be witnessed as each of the acquisitioned body comprised of other divisions. Their strategic planning also observed from their management of the entire group as well as the every division. Wesfarmers was governed by a board of 10 directors and each division is also regulated by a board of executive members (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). Wesfarmers also plans for focusing on the managing capital and intends to emphasize more on optimizing the cost of debt, management of the business portfolio and maintenance of the balance sheet flexibility. In addition to that, the goals that they have formulated also reveal their strategic planning. These objectives are- to follow entrepreneurial initiative for securing growth opportunities, obtaining operational excellence by provide strength to existing business, renewal of the business portfolio through value-adding transactions and establishing long- term management for ensuring sustainability (Smith, 2013). Their strategic planning also comprised of five broad steps- Start- Managers organizes planning and engage different parties to work collaboratively. Purpose- These managers also set target and size up the strategic challenges Analyze- In this step, the managers evaluate the internal business environment to establish necessary operations Decide- The established operation plans are once again evaluated so that the best strategy can be utilized for better business outcome. Execute- This is the final step, where the organizations leaders evaluates and actions on the strategies. Lastly, it can also be said that the corporate office determines performance targets for each of their divisions and that is measured by return of capital (ROC) and return of equity (ROE) in conventional times. The outcome is compared with the five- year divisional plan that is proposed by each Wesfarmers division. Another strategy that drives their success is their corporate culture. In addition to that, financial discipline was the key to their successful acquisition and generating satisfactory shareholder returns. According to their plan, the business unit managers are liable for carrying out all the business expansion details and Business Development Department (BDD) staff assists them to evaluate projects without affecting the business culture of each division. Consequences of absence of strategic planning Haines (2016) stated that strategic planning also provides a direction to all the working personnel. In addition to that, strategic plan is also useful from annual budgets to set an organizational culture. However, Hill et al. (2014) argues that absence of strategic plan signifies that the organization does not have any objective to follow. This furthermore results in lack of focusto achieve corporate goals, problems in allocating efficient resources for performing each business divisions. Cohen (2014) moreover portrays that effective strategic planning also demands a well structure hierarchy within the workplace. The lack of coherent planning also signifies that here is no focused effort for employees. The adverse effect of absence of strategic planning can also be witnessed through improper communication among the business units and divisions. In context of Wesfarmers, the corporate strategies are established through top- down structure that is the managers, who are seniors at the corporate level are also the member of board of directors at divisional boards. Baker (2014) explains that in this way, these managers not only can handle the working procedures in a particular unit but also act as an effective decision- maker for the entire Wesfarmers Group. Simons (2013) argues that in spite that the organization took every effective step to perform their business operations effectively, lack in proper planning results in huge loss for the organization. It is found from the case study that financial discipline was the key to Wesfarmers' acquisitions and the managing authorities are careful for not to pay too much. Initially many plans are made for the business but lastly, many plans often get rejected as it requires much cost for implementing. However, no additional plan was made if any plan gets rejected. The prime reason for this is that Wesfarmers values stakeholders more than companys acquisitions and they often opt for divestments if some of its costs too high. This results in low profitability for the entire organization in the year 2009 due to Coles Turnaround (Haines, 2016). The actual reason highlighted by many business experts are the difference of organizational values and objectives. Moreover, in the year 2016, Coles remains strong but the Wesfarmers 2016 profit dropped and their desired target was missed out (Abc.net.au., 2017). In the year 2016, Coles increased its revenue by 2.7% compared to its 2015 financial year but for this Wesfarmers investing in every day low pricing scheme by lowering Coles prices with nearly 1, 000 products (Ausfoodnews.com.au, 2017). Decision making model to address strategic analysis, choice and implementation The decision- making model comprise of eight steps- identification of the problem, establishment of the decisions criteria, weighing decision criteria, generating alternatives, evaluating the alternatives, choosing the best alternatives, implementation of the decisions and evaluation of the decisions (Cohen, 2014). Hill et al. (2014) also depicts that the strategic analysis comprise of the first five stages, where an organization develops effective plans for business benefits. The process of choice is represented by the sixth step while the implementation process comprises of seventh and eights step. Image 1- Decision- making model (Source- Cohen, 2014) Strategic Analysis Baker (2014) portrays that in this step, marketers defines the problem that necessitates the analysis. The major focus of this analysis is to gain competitive market share; building company image and refining the operational systems. Wesfarmers also identifies the approaches for business expansion and focusing on the specific departments through which they can provide a huge products and services options to their customers. Cohen (2014) also mentions that in this step, marketers also gather information that defines the strength of the organization. The businessperson also conducts observational studies and assembles qualified teams to evaluate departmental strengths. In case of Wesfarmers, the unit board of directors evaluates the competencies of each unit so that they can assess the performance of the overall unit. They analyze the strategic challenge that needs development of specific development of the undertaken systems. In the third step, the marketers often analyze internal env ironment for identifying the potential opportunities and threats. Wesfarmers mangers also identifies the firms effortsand other external business environment analysis like changes in government regulations, price reductions on raw materials or shifts in public opinion before acquisition other business divisions (Ibrahim, 2015). Taken for instance, Wesfarmers board of directors identify the opportunity for improve returns through improvements in operating costs and margins, optimizing level of working capital and identifying new sources from existing capital. Moreover, (Cohen, 2014) also highlight that in Wesfarmers the discipline of invest for growth is also planned by identifying opportunity to invest capital profitability. Lastly, the planning for managing capital is accomplished through optimizing the cost of debt through gearing and access to debt markets, managing business portfolio along with the maintenance of balance sheet flexibility. Lastly, the review of found results is crucial for identification of the most effective step for implementing an action. Strategic Choice This process comprise of choosing the best alternative among all other listed solutions. Gordon (2013) describes that strategic choice signifies the approach for understanding the nature of stakeholders expectations, identification of the strategic option and finally, the evaluation and selection of optimal choice. It is evident from the given case study that, one of the directors of Wesfarmers had noticed that the common thing that top organizations were following was high return on shareholder funds and is considered as fundamental measure for corporate success until now (Gordon, 2013). Changing the performance measures, setting targets for each division and developing five- year plan for each business divisions are some of the proposed strategies in Wesfarmers. However, the first suggested plan took much time to implement as the process is very cumbersome. Cohen (2014) also affirms that the other two strategies are effectively followed by the organization due to which Wesfarmers h ave attained immense success. Thus, it can be said that the second two proposed suggestions were selected. Strategic Implementation Baker (2014) portrays that strategic implementation resembles the penultimate stage of strategic management and strategic analysis and choice. In this context, it can be said that the second and third suggestion is implemented that is to perform according to the target set for each business divisions and developing a five- year divisional plan so that the progress can be evaluated. Taken for instance, Wesfarmers always valued their stakeholder more than their business profitability. Wesfarmers invested in bringing improvement in fresh produce offering, expanding its online shopping service and providing training to improve customer service (Ausfoodnews.com.au, 2017). However, in the same year Wesfarmers did not meet the set target but individually as a group, Coles managed to increase their profit by 2.7% compared to the previous year. Overview of business level strategies and identification of two business level strategies of the organization Baker (2014) explains that approaches and methods that a companyconducts various functions in the business operations resemble the business- level strategies. Larger companies like Wesfarmers, who have several departments with different business functions, often use more business strategies compared to small organizations. These business- level strategies also provide guidelines for managing authorities so that they can direct other employees for attaining business objectives (Li Dimitratos, 2014). There are four types of business- level strategies- Coordinate Unit Activities Channon and Jalland (2016) depicts that this business level strategies signifies the coordination of all individual unit activitiesof an organization. However, Baker (2014) stated that managers usually evaluate the coordination of these groups. These managers take all the decisions and liable for allocating resources among different business units or divisions. Identification of Market Niches Hill et al. (2014) highlighted that this process conducts economic analysis and examines customers and market demand. Moreover, Huys et al. (2015) describes other niches that are modification of existing products or services and targeting a specific demographic group. Channon and Jalland (2016) furthermore portrays that filling a specific market nicheallows other organizations to incur higher consumer prices. Utilize Human Resources Managing human resources are crucial for performing a business functions as employees or staffs are liable to operate all the business functionalities (Gordon, 2013). These building blocks of the organization are responsible to produce a specific output of goods or services. Thus, selecting right type of human resources of the organization drives the profitability and productivity of the organization. Monitor Product Strategies Gordon (2013) stated that evaluation of human resources and business culture is not only important but monitoring of the products and services are also important for evaluating the business effectiveness. Baker (2014) also affirms that some companies review the acquisition process for economic resources, business facilities and other administrative costs so that it can be ensured whether or not all the capital is used for earning a strong rate of return. In context of Wesfarmers, the two business- level strategies that are used are- Coordinate Unit Activities and Identification of Market Niches. Coordinate Unit Activities In Wesfarmers, there are boards of 10 directors, who are working as an executive directors as well as senior management at the corporate level. Moreover, the Managing Director of the concerned organization not only manages the finance of the company but also handles all the public affairs and human resource operations (Smith, 2013). Moreover, the authorities at the headquarter handles the business operations of all the other business divisions so that the Wesfarmers as an organization can outperform to attain maximum financial growth. Identification of Market Niches The prime objective of the Wesfarmers is to satisfy all kind of customers need through which they can serve their best for acquire best business outcomes. The Coles Group themselves provides supermarkets facility, convenience stores, liquor chains and online pharmacy services (Channon Jalland, 2016). Moreover, the division of Home Improvement Office Supplies has three retail divisions that serves- hardware, electronic goods and other office supplies (Gordon, 2013). On the other hand, Smith (2013) defines that The Target Group retails clothes, home- wares and electronic goods. K-Mart are also liable for the similar kind of business but served a relatively low-end market segment. Thus, from this discussion it can be evaluated that not only product niche is evaluated but the niche for market segment is also assessed through their acquisition. Wesfarmers also cover the insurance and fertilizers sectors through their acquisition of Lumley and CSB respectively. Overview of industry environment, importance of industry environment and its impact on organization Industry environment The forces that have a significant impact on the success of an organization based on the products and services offerings, threat of new competition, changesinconsumertastes and price competitiveness is known as industry environment (Channon Jalland, 2016). Purce (2014) also depicts that marketing departments cannot control these forces. Importance of industry environment The importance of industry environment can be witnessed from the provision of the ability of the managing authorities through which they can evaluate the progress of the organization (Purce, 2014). Industry environment analysis allows the marketers to review information on current economic market conditions and local economic market. Moreover, this assessment of industry environment also allows an organization to estimate how much profit they can generate through their business operations. (Smith, 2013) furthermore depicts that business owners may discover a market niche through the analysis of industry environment. Vertical and horizontal integration of an organization The overarching term vertical integration implies that a business organization expands into new operation in order to decrease the reliability of firms on others in the process of production as well as distribution. One of the most effective advantages of vertical integration is that by implementing this particular strategy a specific business organization has a complete control over one or more than one stages while distributing the product. Horizontal integration is another form of business strategy with the help of which a specific business organization intends to integrate internal assets for enhancing the range of production capacity (Mazzolari Neumark, 2012). The primary purpose of implementing horizontal integration is to acquire business acquisition for enhancing the productivity of organization. The enhancement of productivity would help the business organizations to generate more revenue that reflects in the business improvement. Horizontal integration is possessed with some of the major advantages. This specific business strategy helps the organization in integrating the business assets and enhancing internal resources for performing well. In context to the Wesfarmers it has been observed the business experts have primarily focused on horizontal integration in order to run their entire business process successfully in the market of retail industry. As per the case scenario it has been observed that Wesfarmers have used horizontal integration strategy in order to make an acquisition with Coles. The primary purpose of business acquisition with Coles was integrating internal assets (Reardon, Timmer Minten, 2012). As a result, people belonging to different geographical boundaries would get the scope to use the products and services within time. Wesfarmers primarily wanted to integrate the human resources in order to keep a constant control over the demand and supply of the products. However, the case scenario has depicted that after the business acquisition Coles failed to maintain their business process effectively in the market (Clrier Valle, 2013). The workforces were not able to perform well due to large number of re ligious barriers as well as cultural barriers. In this kind of situation, horizontal integration strategy was not effective for enhancing the revenue growth of this specific organization (Fernandes Chamusca, 2014). The revenue growth of Coles has been decreased after maintaining the business acquisition process of the organization. Wesfarmers in order to overcome this specific situation can be recommended to identify the issues that Wesfarmers is facing currently before using a specific business strategy. Image 2: Vertical and Horizontal strategy (Source: Basker, Klimek Hoang Van, 2012) Definition of diversification and recommendation Diversification is one of the most effective risk management technique based on which a specific business organization tends to focus on wide variety of investment within the portfolio. Diversification can be maintained on products, services and workforces. With the changing environment of business industry the rapid needs and demands of the customers are changing gradually. In this kind of situation, the customers tend to purchase products and services only when they would get variety (Assaf et al., 2012). Product diversification is one of the most effective business strategies of enhancing the needs and demands of the customers. Like the same way business organizations can maintain diversity within service process as well. The customers executives should be flexible enough in dealing with the customers of different cultural backgrounds. Consumers belonging to different geographical boundaries should be treated with equal respect and dignity. In this kind of situation, the target cu stomers would show their interest in using the products and service process of organization (Yu, Ramanathan Nath, 2014). In addition, diversification can be maintained in the recruitment process as well. People should be recruited as per the skill and competency level of the employees that than their cultural attributes. However, the human resource managers should recruit the employees from various psychologies and attitudes. As per the case scenario, it has been observed that Wesfarmers has maintained business acquisition strategy with Coles in order to render diversification within the business process. Ultimately, it has been observed that the implementation of this specific strategy is possessed with some of its negative effects as well (Berry?Stlzle, Hoyt Wende, 2013). After the implementations of product and service diversity the business experts failed to maintain a balance on the overall service process. The customers of Wesfarmers had to wait for a long time in order to receive the service of this specific organization. However, the primary recommendations that Wesfarmers can be provided for maintaining diversification at the workplace are as follows: Recruiting sufficient number of workforce: In order to maintain product diversification at the workplace Wesfarmers should recruit sufficient number of employees who would be able to keep a constant control over the entire business process. While maintaining diversified products and services the organization should have different counters (Ashworth, 2012). Therefore, sufficient number of workforce strength is highly needed who would be able to fulfill the needs and demands of customers and the customers would not have to wait for a long time in order to receive the service process. Providing professional and development training on maintaining professional attitude at the workplace: Wesfarmers can be recommended that employees should be provided a professional and development training. With the help of this training session, employees would be able to maintain their professional attitudes. Employees endowed with diverse cultures and attitudes cannot exchange necessary information with each other (Lowe, George Alexy, 2012). As a result, this specific training session would help the employees to maintain an effective communication with each other. In addition, an effective training session would help the employees to control over the entire process of business despite having diversification. Overview of strategic alliances and its advantage and disadvantage Strategic alliance is the mutual understanding between the two or more than two parties in order to reach the set of goals (Celerier Vallee, 2013). In this specific business scenario it has been observed that a mutual strategic alliance has been created between Coles and Wesfarmers for expanding the entire business process beyond going to the regional market. After evaluating the case study it has been observed that Wesfarmers failed to maintain an effective communication with the business experts of Coles. As a result, this particular strategic alliance theory has not become applicable for the business organization (Ashworth, 2012). Strategic alliance however is possessed with some of the major advantages and disadvantages. In context to Wesfarmers, the organization after making agreement with Coles has enhanced their number of workforces, their physical equipment, technological devices and many other material aspects (Berry?Stolzle, Hoyt Wende, 2013). As a result, the customers are getting services within time. People belonging to different geographical markets are getting necessary facilities and benefits from the business experts by using the advancement of technology. At the same time, the theory of strategic alliance is possessed with some of the major disadvantages as well. After the business acquisition the employees of different cultural backgrounds has been amalgamated within the same process of business (Lowe, George Alexy, 2012). As a result, employees fail to communicate with each other properly. Due to the lack of communication, the employees failed to provide appropriate service process to the employees. In this kind of situation, the business experts of Wesfarmers had to face innumerabl e difficulties in running drawing the attention of customers from different geographical locations. Synopsis of multinational, international, global and transnational strategies Multinational strategies Goerzen et al. (2014) portrays that a multinational organization invests in other country and are not intended to have coordinated product offerings in each country. Their strategy is to focus in adopting their products and services and offer it to in those local markets. International strategies International companies are liable to import and export their products. Buckley and Ghauri, (2015) describes that their strategies is to only investment in host countries. Hitt et al. (2016) also describes that international strategies deploys innovations and resourcesallocation through foreign investments. In international companies, marketers examine and audit their competence, present and prospective competitions along with position of its key suppliers (Verbeke Asmussen, 2016). Global strategies The strategy adopted by global companies is to invest in many nations and territories. They also emphasizes on selling of same products with same name in these nations. Cavusgil et al. (2013) furthermore stated that these organizations majorly focus on the cost management, efficiency and volume. In addition to that, Channon and Jalland (2016) portrays that global strategy needs to gain economies of scale for selling their same brand products to many customers. Transnational strategies According to the viewpoint of De Marchi et al. (2014), a transnational company follows a difficult organizational structure. Their strategy is to invest in foreign operations. They also involves in decision-making and marketing powers for each individual foreign country (Doh et al. 2015). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that strategic planning ensures effective competencies of an organization. Wesfarmers also develop some strategic plans that comprise of five steps. The first step is start, where managers organize planning and engage different parties to work collaboratively. The second phase is purpose, where these managers also set target and size up the strategic challenges. The third step is analyze and in this step, the managers evaluates internal business environment to establish necessary operations. The fourth step is decide that resembles that they focus on establishment of operation plans are once again evaluate the plan so that the best strategy can be utilized for better business outcome. The final and the fifth step is execute, here the organizations leaders evaluates and actions on the strategies. This allows the concerned organization to handle all their business division after acquisition different companies. It is also concluded from the discussion that Wes farmers conventional strategy for valuing stakeholder are still effective but for managing every business division effectively, all the subsidiaries must align their business culture together. This way in recent time, also they can attain maximum financial growth through each division. The company also follows a top-bottom approach for decision-making that is that same person is liable for handling both units responsibility and entire business liability. In this way, all the managing authorities have a clear perception regarding the business operation that is required to maintain all the business units under a single brand name. Reference List Abc.net.au. (2017). wesfarmers result. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-24/wesfarmers-results/777939 Albrechts, L. (2013). Reframing strategic spatial planning by using a coproduction perspective. Planning Theory, 12(1), 46-63. Ashworth, C. J. (2012). Marketing and organisational development in e-SMEs: understanding survival and sustainability in growth-oriented and comfort-zone pure-play enterprises in the fashion retail industry. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(2), 165-201. Assaf, A. G., Josiassen, A., Ratchford, B. T., Barros, C. P. (2012). Internationalization and performance of retail firms: a Bayesian dynamic model. Journal of Retailing, 88(2), 191-205. Ausfoodnews.com.au (2017). wesfarmers-2016-profit-drop-but-coles-remains-strong.. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2016/08/24/wesfarmers-2016-profit-drop-but-coles-remains-strong.html Baker, M. J. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Basker, E., Klimek, S., Hoang Van, P. (2012). Supersize It: The Growth of Retail Chains and the Rise of the Big?Box Store. Journal of Economics Management Strategy, 21(3), 541-582. Berry Stlzle, T. R., Hoyt, R. E., Wende, S. (2013). Capital market development, competition, property rights, and the value of insurer product?line diversification: A cross?country analysis. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 80(2), 423-459. Buckley, P. J., Ghauri, P. N. (Eds.). (2015). International Business Strategy: Theory and Practice. Routledge. Cassidy, A. (2016). A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. A., Riesenberger, J. R. (2013). A framework for international business. Pearson. Clrier, C., Valle, B. (2013). What drives financial complexity? A look into the retail market for structured products. Channon, D. F., Jalland, M. (2016). Multinational strategic planning. Springer. Cohen, A. D. (2014). Strategies in learning and using a second language. Routledge. De Marchi, V., Di Maria, E., Ponte, S. (2014). Multinational firms and the management of global networks: Insights from global value chain studies. In Orchestration of the global network organization (pp. 463-486). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Doh, J., McGuire, S., Ozaki, T. (2015). The Journal of World Business Special Issue: Global governance and international nonmarket strategies: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of World Business, 50(2), 256-261. Fernandes, J. R., Chamusca, P. (2014). Urban policies, planning and retail resilience. Cities, 36, 170-177. Floros, J. D. (2015). Academic Leadership through Strategic Planning. Academic Leadership in Higher Education: From the Top Down and the Bottom Up, 161. Goerzen, A., Asmussen, C. G., Nielsen, B. B. (2014). Global cities and multinational enterprise location strategy. In Location of International Business Activities (pp. 137-180). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Gordon, G. L. (2013). Strategic planning for local government. ICMA Publishing. Haines, S. (2016). The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M. A., Li, D., Xu, K. (2016). International strategy: From local to global and beyond. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 58-73. Huys, Q. J., Lally, N., Faulkner, P., Eshel, N., Seifritz, E., Gershman, S. J., ... Roiser, J. P. (2015). Interplay of approximate planning strategies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(10), 3098-3103. Ibrahim, A. B. (2015). Strategy Types and Small Firms' Performance An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 4(1), 13-22. Johnston, R. E., Bate, J. D. (2013). The power of strategy innovation: a new way of linking creativity and strategic planning to discover great business opportunities. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Li, N., Dimitratos, P. (2014). How do business-level strategies affect multiple market servicing modes in the foreign country?. International Marketing Review, 31(5), 526-546. Lowe, M., George, G., Alexy, O. (2012). Organizational identity and capability development in internationalization: transference, splicing and enhanced imitation in Tescos US market entry. Journal of Economic Geography, lbs016. Mazzolari, F., Neumark, D. (2012). Immigration and product diversity. Journal of Population Economics, 25(3), 1107-1137. Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Thompson Jr, A. (2014). Essentials of strategic management: The quest for competitive advantage. McGraw-Hill Education. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 67. Reardon, T., Timmer, C. P., Minten, B. (2012). Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(31), 12332-12337. Short, M., Baker, M., Carter, J., Jones, C., Jay, S. (2013). Strategic environmental assessment and land use planning: an international evaluation. Routledge. Simons, R. (2013). Levers of control: How managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press. Smith, R. D. (2013). Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Verbeke, A., Asmussen, C. G. (2016). Global, local, or regional? The locus of MNE strategies. Journal of Management Studies. 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15 Secret Study Tips of Getting Good Grades

1. Take responsibility of this thing. College isnt like  secondary school. Theres no instructor or parent to help you consistently to remind your tasks. So venture at the plate and assume liability. What grades you get will rely on upon what you yourself do. 2. Select, dont settle. To get decent grades in college, its critical that you pick the correct courses. Pick classes that you want to do. Also, make sure to pick the correct level in required courses, for example, math, English comp, sciences, and dialects (in a few universities, there are five courses all bearing the name college math). The majority of all, dont acknowledge some standard rookie program from your counsel. Pick your courses one by one, giving careful consideration that some satisfy dispersion necessities, some check to a conceivable real, some fulfill some enthusiasm of yours, and no less than one is something that by one means or another sounds fascinating. Youll improve in the event that youve settled on the correct options.   College students now getting familiar with  academic writing services to get high grades in their academic careers. 3. Try not to over-burden. A few students  believe its a characteristic of pride to take the same number of hours as the college permits. It isnt. Take four or and no more five courses every semester. Furthermore, unless you are extremely extraordinary, dont take more than one noteworthy. Each significant comes furnished with 10 or 12 required courses, and you can truly murder your GPA in case youre taking heaps of required—that is, constrained—courses in a noteworthy that youre just half-intrigued by. Also you can hire   to get your academic tasks done. 4. Make an arrangement. Some portion of getting decent grades is adjusting off the different things you need to do, step by step. So get a logbook—electronic is great—and enter in every one of your classes, exams, and papers, and educators available time (more on that later). For the overcome, likewise enter in the hours you plan to concentrate every week for each course. That way, youll have an arrangement for (or possibly a dream about) what youll be doing as the semester advances. There are lots of  academic writing companies which offer all type of academic services that help in such arrangement to make sure students get higher grades. 5. Regular at Classes. Most students  have a cutting spending plan: the quantity of addresses they can miss in each course and still do well. In any case, if there are 35 class gatherings, each class has around 3 percent of the substance. Miss seven, and that is 20 percent. Whats more, in the event that you pass over the class just before Thanksgiving and the educator picks the paper address for the last from that very class . . . all things considered, you can truly do significant harm to your GPA at the cost of one class. Do you consider  assignment writing service  for your perfect assignments. 6. Be a robo-note taker. In numerous introduction courses, the educators addresses shape the significant piece of the material tried on the midterm and last. So you ought to record everything the teacher says in the address. Try not to stress excessively over the structure, and disregard exceptional note-taking frameworks (Cornell Note-Taking System, Mind Mapping, or the five Rs of good note taking). Simply get everything down—you can simply set it up later. 7-Star Tip. Give careful consideration to recording anything the prof composes on the board and any Power Points he or she may utilize. Make sure to catch any clarifications given, as you may experience difficulty understanding the code words given without the teachers clarifications. 8. Dodge second chances. Its a truly awful thought to want to do things twice: recording the addresses with tuning in to them again when you return home, doing the perusing three times, replicating over your notes the day preceding the test. Center as hard as you can the first run through and make a better than average showing with regards to. Click to know about USA Top Online Assignment Writing Services 9. Concentrate like you would not joke about this. At college, youre required to set up a hour or two (in some cases more) for each class meeting. This implies planning the time every week and finding a proper study condition. No gadgets, no long range informal communication, no companions, no eating—only your psyche up against the work. We know this can be agonizing—yet all students  who get As do this (regardless of what they let you know). 10. Get serious about tests. Prior to each test, take a practice test you make up, with inquiries like the ones you expect on the genuine test. Compose it out under test conditions (no notes, restricted time). Utilize presents, think about aides, homeworks and labs, old exams, and clues from the prof or TA to build the test. On the off chance that you get to a test and the inquiries look astonishing to you, you havent generally arranged appropriately. 11. Try not to be a Wiki-potamus. On the off chance that your course has an exploration paper, ensure you utilize legitimate, insightful materials. Look to the task sheet or potentially directions in address or segment to perceive what the prof is anticipating. Most importantly, disregard Wikipedia and visually impaired Google looks: These normally dont yield the kind of substance that is ideal for a college paper. 12. Connect with the prof. The most underused asset at college—and the one destined to profit your review—is the workplace hour, either face to face or electronic. This is truly the main time that you can get one-on-one assistance from a prof or TA. Discover when your educator needs to meet and in what methodology—customary available time, E-mail request, Skype, or significantly Twitter or Facebook. 13. Join a group. Numerous students, particularly in the sciences, enhance their grades with study pals or study gatherings—particularly when their partners are more astute than they. Attempt to meet at any rate once every week—particularly in courses in which there are week by week issue sets or tests. Students  can enhance their evaluations one level (or more) when they focus on working in a composed route with different students. You may be interested in   Best dissertation writing service 14. Play every one of the four quarters. Most college courses are backloaded: More than half of the review is left to assignments due in the most recent month of the semester. Ensure youre not coming up short on gas similarly as the third test, research project, and last are going on. A few recommendations? Pace yourself, keep up your anxiety lessening exercises, and bear in mind to eat and rest. 15. Do the additional items. In a few courses, there are exceptional, end-of-the-semester exercises that can enhance your review. Exploit survey sessions, additional available time, and additional credit work. Particularly in colleges where there are no pluses and minuses, even a little review change can push you past the halfway point (say, from B in addition to A short—that is, to A). Trust in No. 1. An extensive piece of decent grades is great mentality: accepting—truly trusting—that you can do it (and afterward doing it).

Unknown Microbiology Lab Report Essays

Unknown Microbiology Lab Report Essays Unknown Microbiology Lab Report Paper Unknown Microbiology Lab Report Paper Materials and Methods A mixed culture of two unknown bacteria was provided by the instructor. The methods used for identification of the two unknown bacteria were in the laboratory manual by Dry. Floyd and Dry. Kennedy (1) unless otherwise noted. The first step that was used was a three streak method, described in Lab 4, on a Blood Heart Infused/Triplicate Soy Agar plate to isolate the two unknown bacteria. Once the two bacteria were incubated, grown, and isolated they were each individually streaked on a Triplicate Soy Agar plate to isolate individual loonies to be studied, tested and identified. After incubation of the individual TTS plates, the morphologies were viewed and noted and a Gram stain was completed on each individual bacterium, which will be referred to as Bacteria #1 and Bacteria #2. After the Gram reaction was determined on Bacteria #1 and Bacteria #2, different biochemical tests were done according to the dichotomous keys provided in the lab manual. All the tests were performed by the methods outlined in the lab manual by Dry. Floyd and Dry. Kennedy (1). Table 1 and Table 2 list the tests performed, purpose, and results. Also Flow Chart 1 and Flow Chart 2 will show the results. Results The Unknown Bacteria 36/ Bacteria #1 on a TTS plate was examined by the naked eye and under a dissecting microscope. Bacteria # 1 was approximately 2 mm in diameter. They were circular in form with an entire margin and convex elevation. The colonies were smooth, translucent, and had a white brownish color. The Gram stain resulted in Gram positive Cisco. After the Gram stain was completed, the bacteria were streaked on a Imitation-Salt Agar plate and a Catalane test was performed. After these test were completed a Phenol Red Dextrose Fermentation tube was inoculated, and a SIMI Tube inoculated. The Unknown Bacteria 36/Bacteria # 2 on a TTS plate was examined by the naked eye and under a dissecting microscope. Bacteria # 2 was approximately 3 4 mm in diameter. They were circular in form with an entire margin and a flat elevation. The colonies were rough (granular), translucent, and white brownish color with black granules. The Gram stain resulted in a Gram negative rod. After the Gram stain was completed, the bacteria were streaked on an Eosin -Methyl Blue Agar plate and an Underwrote II was inoculated. See Table 1 and Flow Chart 1 for results of Bacteria # 1 and Table 2 and Flow Chart 2 for results of Bacteria # 2. Table 1: Biochemical Test Results (Bacteria # TEST I PURPOSE I REAGENTS OBSERVATIONS RESULTS I Gram Stain I To determine the Gram reaction of Bacteria #1 | Crystal violet, Iodine, Alcohol, Seafaring I Purple Cisco I Gram positive Cisco I MASS Agar plate I To determine Gram positive Staphylococcus species I None I Yellow halo around streak I Staphylococcus erasures I Catalane Test I To verify bacteria identification I Hydrogen peroxide I No bubbling Negative I Phenol Red Dextrose Fermentation Tube I To verify bacteria identification I None Reagent turned yellow ; no gas produced I Fermentation of Glucose ; Does not produce gas I SIMI Tube I To verify bacteria identification I Kavas I Yellow color before and after reagent added. Single streak at line of stab I Sulfide negative Indolent negotiation motile I Table 2: Biochemical Test Results (Bacteria # 2) Gram Stain I To determine the Gram reaction of Bacteria #21 Crystal violet, Iodine, Alcohol, Seafaring I Pink rods I Gram negative rods I EMBED Agar late I To determine the ability to ferment lactose I None I Dark purple streak I Fermentation of Lactose I Underwrote II I Identify bacteria I Kavas I Interpreted results using the interpretation color chart. Added reagent resulted in Indolent negative I Escherichia cold-blooded 34760 | FLOW CHART 1 BACTERIA # 1 FLOW CHART 2 BACTERIA # 2 It has been concluded that the Unknown 36/Bacteria # 1 is Staphylococcus erasures and Unknown 36/Bacteria # 2 is Escherichia coli. This was accomplished by first streaking a BI/TTS infused plate with the Unknown 36 broth to isolate he two bacteria. Once two different bacterial growths were observed, each different bacterium was streaked on individual TTS plates to isolate colonies for Gram staining and biochemical tests. Gram staining resulted in Bacteria # 1 being Gram positive Cisco and Bacteria # 2 being Gram negative rods. Following the dichotomous key, Bacteria # 1 was streaked on a MASS plate. Fermentation was noted resulting in S. Erasures being identified. A Catalane test was performed to verify the identification of S. Erasures; however, the test was negative when it should have been positive. A false negative can result from the reagent not being fresh or not stored properly and/or the test run on cultures over 24 hours old. Because of this, a Phenol Red Dextrose Fermentation tube and a SIMI tube were inoculated to confirm the bacteria were S. Erasures. Results from both test was consistent with S. Erasures characteristics. Staphylococcus erasures is a facultative anaerobic Gram positive Cisco that is salt tolerant. This bacterium is part of our normal flora found on human skin and in human nasal passages. S. Erasures is the cause of many minor infections such as follicular and pimples to more severe sissies such as pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome. Following the dichotomous key Bacteria # 2 was inoculated into an Underwrote II. Also for verification an EMBED plate was streaked. Using the color interpretation guide for the Underwrote II a five digit code was reached. Once the code was recorded a code manual was used which identified Bacteria # 2 as Escherichia coli. The EMBED plate showed fermentation of lactose which is consistent with E. Coli characteristics. Escherichia coli are a member of the Interchangeable family and are part of human and warm blood animals normal intestinal flora.

M10 Organizational Change Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M10 Organizational Change Paper - Assignment Example Community coalition is particularly identified as crucial in garnering support for policies seeking to promote improved health and health behavioral changes among the community members. According to Smith, Johnson, Lamson and Sitaker (2006), the success of policies and environmental change initiatives driven by public health practitioners is influenced by several factors including community collaboration, sufficient support or endorsement by community leaders or decision makers and inclusion of actions or activities aimed at benefiting the community as a whole. On the other hand, realization of community collaboration and support is depended on several issues including development of trust, values and norms to guide the collaboration, and effective exploitation of existing social networks to establish impeccable social relationships (Smith, Johnson, Lamson & Sitaker, 2006). Public health practitioners must strive to work closely with the community members at the various levels in order to realize their roles in promoting and upholding improved community health. The need for community collaboration in the development and implementation of community policy has been demonstrated through attempts by the Washington State Department of Health (DOH) to address community health problems such as obesity and overweight through both community based and state policies. Evaluation of community-based health policies initiated by DOH among the Moses Lake and Mount Vernon communities reveals that there is need for enhanced community collaboration in the implementation of such policies (Smith, Johnson, Lamson & Sitaker, 2006). Minority communities such as Hispanics were significantly misrepresented in committees involved in the development and implementation of health policies affecting the communities. The community health group model is identified as crucial to public health practitioners because application of

Car Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Car Insurance - Essay Example Due to the nature and dynamics of the car industry, it is faced with massive risks especially due to accidents which may occur at any time. Statistics indicate that the automobile industries faces the most number of accidents and property loss as compared to other sectors that other insurance policy covers, Laws in almost all countries forbid the driving of automobile without necessary insurance policy cover. Vehicle owners are faced by a big problem when it comes to the choice an insurance policy. Hasty policy buying often lead to wrong choices and huge loses are incurred by the insured person. According to (Malcolm 78), the first and the most important factor is the cost of the insurance cover, most insurance companies offer differing rate for a given policy. Before buying an insurance cover there is need for critical evaluation of the price. This can be done through requesting several companies to send their price quote for each car insurance cover. Cheap insurance premiums can be very deceptive, it is important that the car asks for and reads the whole insurance policy document before settling on the insurance cover policy. There are different insurance packages each covering a different set of individual protection. Some of these include; Third Party Insurance; which is a very cheap cover and protects the insured from third party risks e.g. fire and car theft. Body Injury; which pays up to certain coverage limit, injury and death to the people with the operator of the car at the time of the risk. Defense costs; which are incurred during the law suit are also covered. P roperty Damage; which pays up to a given coverage limit for the other vehicles involved in an accident in which you are legally responsible for the accident. Medical Expenses; pays for all hospital bill, doctors and funeral expenses to those injured in accidents. Uninsured And Underinsured covers all pain and suffering that are not covered by the medical cover. Collision Coverage ; covers damage for the vehicle up to a given limit, Compressive Cover; full policy that pays for up to a given specified amount for vehicle damage, vehicle loss and damage due to theft, floods, fire, vandalism, hail. It covers for all expenses regardless whose fault it was. It's a general requirement for those with car loans. Rental Reimbursements; pay up to a given specified limit, the charges for rental services when your vehicle is being repaired. Labour and towing (breakdown cover), covers for charges incurred in transporting a damaged vehicle to the garage. Delivery of oil battery and other accessorie s are covered but their actual costs aren't included (Sternberg 143) the payment method is another vital consideration which is dictated by the amount of money at hand during a given duration (Vaughan 241). Depending on the vehicle owner cash inflows, he can decide to pay insurance premiums yearly or the policy can be paid in monthly installment. Monthly installments are preferred by many but are more expensive as there in a small additional cost charged because of paying over a period (Rogers 133) Another very important factor is where the car owner lives, with the advancement of technology, insurance covers are availed online, it is however important to

Utilitarian and Kantain Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Utilitarian and Kantain Ethics - Essay Example Most humans act in a certain manner for their self-preservation and interests. Once an individual acknowledges and comprehends the fact that society as whole benefits and perishes more rather than own self-interests; chaos is eliminated and harmony is achieved. Utilitarianism theories are excellent in moral dilemmas as it enhances the scope of cases that it can manage. One can question this dogmatic approach to this theory. One cannot deny that it creates a solid foundation of benefitting the society as whole. However, utilitarian ethics ignore the struggles of people living in a micro level. One must acknowledge that minorities are essential part of society as they compromise. A prime example of this could be seen in this example. For instance, a train conductor is letting a bridge down for a train to cross. Suddenly, he sees his girls playing with the gears. Does he save his daughter or does he allow millions of people to be victims of death? These are crucial decisions that utilit arian ethics fail to answer. Similarly, Kant’s moral theory is not necessarily to focus in consequences necessarily, but rather focusing on an issue that should be done regardless of the burden it creates. The theory automatically assumes that an individual should naturally execute an action regardless of the consequences. An individual should commit to an action even it causes unhappiness and is not logical. This concept is extremely essential base on the fact that humans should not care if their actions are moral as long as they are ethical. For instance, one cannot blame someone else if they attempt to be nice but instead end up hurting the other individual. One must comprehend that that person had good intentions and meant well. Again, this is vital in the society that we live in because it creates diffusion and a moral viewpoint on conflicts and tensions that occur every day. Moreover, if the outcome that an

The Hippie Movement, a Counterculture

The Hippie Movement, a Counterculture Carlee Campuzano A counterculture, as described by sociologists across the world, consists of a group that does not follow and/or rejects the simplest norms, values, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with their own. Countercultures can be controversial or just plain weird to members of society, but they have individual purposes that gave them significance at that time and even today. In the 1960s, the prominent Hippie Movement arose and sparked interest all over the United States through their rejection of cultural norms and values concerning dress, hairstyle, work, and raising children (Thomas). Make love not war, the hippies emphasized. This saying along with others summarizes the beliefs and motives of the Hippie Movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Influencing law, politics, and everyday life, hippies did not care what others thought of them in the slightest (The Hippie Movement). They lived happily while supporting political causes that they found best for the happiness and health of the people of our nation. Outside of political thinking, hippies had views of sex, drugs, and rock n roll that countered the popular cultural influences during the 60s. No hippie was the same as another, and their individualism contributed to the way they felt vibes or energies, and focused on liberty and self-expression (Issitt). Flowers, peace signs, bright colors, tie-dye, ripped jeans, and long hair and facial hair for men became the perceptible fashion for hippies as they wandered outside of the social norm (The Hippie Movement). Culture began to change in America during the post-World War II era, and once the Vietnam War began, hippies spoke out and became famous through their peaceful protests to bring the troops home. Historians pinpoint their locations of origin as mainly the Haight-Ashbury part of San Francisco, California, and the East Village of New York City (The Hippie Movement). Eventually the hippies gathered in small villages or areas of their own, and in 1965, the first hippie commune was established in the outskirts of Trinidad, Colorado entitled Drop City (Issitt). Among the first hippies, Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters in California and Oregon contributed to the counterculture, taking long road trips in colorful school buses, growing their hair long, wearing bizarre fashions, and taking the drug LSD, which was legal at this time (Cogswell). Smoking marijuana was also an important part of hippie culture, for they sought a life free of stress. Because of the youthful age of the hippies durin g their derivation, parents feared that their children would want to drop out of school and join the movement, desiring to take their own path of self-discovery (The Hippie Movement). The hippies reached their peak in historical significance during the summer of 1967, which history refers to as the Summer of Love. During this summer in San Francisco and numerous other cities across America, Canada, and Europe, hundreds of thousands of hippies gathered to express their value of free love. Here, their well-known nickname of the flower children surfaced. In 1969, the Woodstock Festival in New York marked another milestone for hippies, where they embraced music and peace. Jimi Hendrixs distinguished performance of the Star-Spangled Banner at this festival signified the political aspirations of the Hippie Movement: to reconsider general society and its impact on the people (Cogswell). Coverage of these events by the press led to a growth in the movement, but not for long. After the exultant time for hippies of the 60s, and after the Vietnam War concluded, their counterculture slowly declined due to crime, drug addiction, and maturing (Perera). The Hippie Movements ideo logy did not completely diminish because of the middle school and high school students during the 60s, who in the 70s and later decades continued aspects of hippie culture (Issitt). Elements of the Hippie Movement do still appear today in the 2000s, however, they are just not as controversial or odd as they were during their time of emergence. Developing a sociological perspective allows one to view the behavior of groups in a systematic way, and a sociological imagination gives one the ability to see the connection between the larger world and personal lives (Thomas). The hippie counterculture caught the eye of people all over the country as their cause spread, and soon enough philosophers, writers, musicians, activists, politicians, and the nations youth gathered inspiration from them. Hippies nearly invented the political stance of liberal, socially supporting a sexual revolution and feminism. During the decades of the counterculture, immense social conflict occurred within the United States; although political activism was not the main focus of the hippies, they brought attention to the wrongs of some conflicts, such as the Vietnam War, the civil rights struggle, the Cold War, and the nuclear disarmament movement. They also stood against government laws that banned recreational drugs. The peace symbol, which many Ameri cans know and love today, made its first appearance during the hippie era to symbolize nonviolence. Overall, the Hippie Movement impacted the entire world in the way that it strived for things uncommon in the American culture at the time, causing America to increase its introduction of international culture (Issitt). Ethnocentrism, or the tendency to view ones own culture as superior to all other cultures, definitely surfaced during the decades of the Hippie Movement (Thomas). Americans, especially those who were most patriotic, looked at hippies as inferior, weirdos, and a definite counterculture. Hippies celebrated any activity that brings pleasure, such as drugs, music, and sex, and the larger society viewed this aspect of their movement as provocative. The liberal hippies were living inside of a larger culture that they felt was dominated by conservative values and materialism. During the 60s, Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement angered some members of society, and the way in which hippies supported individual rights and freedoms arose similar feelings. Focusing on a pleasant society and cooperation as the peaceful pursuit of ones happiness, hippies were viewed as chaotic. The group is specifically depicted as a counterculture because of their emphasis on changes in major cu ltural stereotypes. Sex, for example, was looked at as a form of self-expression, passion, and love rather than something that should remain within marriages, a norm of this time period. Additionally, few Americans had concern for the environment in the early 60s, so the hippies environmentalism shed new light on a rising movement (Issitt). The hippies did not possess ethnocentrism as Americans did, for they viewed everyone as equal. Cultural relativism defines as the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards (Thomas). Average Americans completely judged and criticized the hippies, looking at their movement as indiscriminate, unhygienic, and irresponsible. In a society where equality for women was not generally accepted, the hippie women leaving their homes to join the movement brought them the risk of severe judgement of others. Americans must have understood that the hippies acted the way that they did for a reason; they desired to express themselves and to rid their lives of negative energy. Sociologists refer to the behavior of the hippies as deviant behavior, which means they surely act opposite of the norm (Issitt). They did so because of their desire to alternate the demanding, negative aspects of American society. The Hippie Movement, although controversial at that time, appeals to me in the way that hippies supported peace and individualism, as do I. Apart from the drugs and crime, I admire the outlook on life in which the hippies braced; they sought stress-free lives where negativity is marginalized. They mainly focused on love, and I believe everyone should incorporate aspects of hippie ideology into their lives. They envisioned a world of cooperation and sharing where everyone spreads love to one another, and their pure love for the world inspires me to do the same. Their spirituality was the opposite of self-centered, which a majority of Americans had at the time and still do. Hippies were the ultimate model for the term counterculture, as a majority of sociologists would agree, and their movement overall served significantly to the world and sociology all together. References Cogswell, Ned. The History of the Hippie Cultural Movement. 16 November 2016. Culture Trip. Web. 7 March 2017. Issitt, Micah L. Hippies: A Guide to and American Subculture. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press, 2009. Text. Perera, Thivanka . Why the Hippie Movement Declined . 29 September 2016. Culture Trip. Web. 7 March 2017. The Hippie Movement. n.d. Web. 2 March 2017. Thomas, W. LaVerne. Sociology. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston , 2003. Text.

Influential Renaissance Architecture Essay -- Architecture

As one begins to delve into the history of modern architecture one quickly realizes the influence that Renaissance architects such as Donato Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo had on modern architecture. Simply look around a city at the business district and one will see bits and pieces of the Renaissance architecture. The Renaissance architecture has had an influence on architecture throughout the ages. St. Peter’s Basilica Donato Bramante was born in 1444 near Urbino. At an early age Bramante was exposed to the world of art and architecture. Bramante’s early exposure to the world of art influenced his future architectural work such as his work on Saint Peter’s Basilica. Bramante started to gained recognition while he was working on â€Å"Tempietto† that was constructed on the site that is believed to be the site where St. Peter was hung (Benton & Di Yanni, 2005). The work on Tempietto was commissioned by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain; thus, bringing prestige to Bramante’s work. It was this type of recognition that led to Bramante being commissioned to design and rebuild St Peter’s Basilica. Pope Julius II decided that the old basilica need to be torn down because the old basilica had been built in the early fourth century during the era of Constantine; therefore, the Pope decided a new basilica was needed. He appointed Bramante as the architecture to build a new Basilica befitting the papacy’s image (Benton & Di Yanni, 2005). Bramante decided that the new basilica would be a magnificent version of the Tempietto that he had built in 1502. The design would be â€Å"a monumentally proportioned, centrally planned church to be capped by an immense dome† (Fiero, 2008, p. 196). He did not follow the â€Å"classical longitudi... ...ivan-architect/louis- henry-sullivan-architect.php Benton, R. J. & DiYanni, R. (2005). Arts and cultures; an introduction to the Humanities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall Craven, J. (2010). The Wainwright building. Retrieved on May 12, 2010 from, http://architecture.about.com/od/skyscrapers/ig/Skyscrapers/Wainwright-Building-htm Fiero, G.K. (2008). Landmarks in humanities (2nd ed). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. History-World.org. (unknown). Architecture. Retrieved on may 10, 2010 from, http://history-world.org/greek%20architecture.htm Planetware.com. (2010). St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City. Retrieved on May 14, 2010 from, http://www.planetware.com/vatican-city/st-peters-basilica-scv-scv-rspv.htm Vaticanstate.va. (2010). St. Peter’s Basilica. Retrieved on May 20, 2010 from, http://vaticanstat.va/EN/Monuments/Saint_Peter_Basilica/

American Exceptionalism

The term American Exceptionalism has many definitions to many different people. In general it refers to the idea that the United States of America holds the special title of worldwide peace keeper and bringer of justice and democracy as they are the land of the free. American Conservatives; such as the Tea Party, also pair the phrase up with the idea of superiority; whereas liberals would much more prefer Americans to see their country as ‘ordinary’ and so dislike the term. To them ordinary means things like American does not always assume its place as the world’s super power but simple acts as an international negotiator in times of need. The terminology was coined in 1831 by Alexis de Tocqueville as to explain a positive outward effect of America’s democracy. In 1929 the phrase was used adversely by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, when opposing the idea of the growth of capitalism in the states. In theory, American Exceptionalism works because of four key principles: divine right, resources, just beliefs and diversity. Many believe that the United States was chosen by God to lead the world and so they have the divine power to act in such a way over other countries. Although, others feel that the sheer wealth and resources the country has- such as the most powerful armed forces in the world gives them this power. Some consider the strong ideas and principles that the country was founded on as to the reason they have a greater say; whereas others argue that it is the mix of heritage and cultures, which makes America a kind of highbred of the best of the world, allowing for it to have this exceptional place in the world today. An odd and contradicting feature of the concept is that as an America knows best; they may over power their own legal system, other countries and conduct various types of secret activities if to protect the democratic system and state interests. America knows best: we must invade Iraq to free the people there from the dictatorship they live in, and then as a secondary thought because, they may have weapons of mass destruction (and oil that could be a lot of use to us). The idea that hacking people’s internet history and phone calls is just and fine, because the government can act beyond its means, as in the end they are protecting people from themselves- since they know best! The idea of Exceptionalism has allowed America to involve itself in many conflicts since the Mexican- American War of1846; where the Americans refused to accept that Mexico did not want to be a part of the United States and felt it was their mission to spread ‘freedom’ to the people of Mexico, right through to the Iraq war. During the Cold War the power of American Exceptionalism was used to display the American way of life as the right way and to try and crush the rising power of Communism. Ronald Reagan famously said that America had a duty to be â€Å"shining city on the hill† that the rest of the world would look up to. There are many positives and yet, many negatives of American Exceptionalism, and it is the principles of the term itself have brought about its demise. The waters have been muddied and so there are now many variations of the meaning of the words, which depend on the people using them. There is a spectrum of opinion: to some America is the almighty bringer of justice, and may do this by any means as long as they reach their end target of a freer and fair world. By contrast, others feel that Exceptionalism is simply used as a cover for the falling giant to do whatever it wants; from the invasions of lesser off countries, to spying on the day to day lives of millions of Americans. The use of Exceptionalism in foreign policy is often questioned; is it just a front the country can hide behind when actually working for personal gains rather than the good of the people? The expression is often used today in questioning America’s place as a super power. At a press conference in 2009 Obama was asked about his belief in American Exceptionalism he said: â€Å"I believe in American Exceptionalism, just as I suspect the Brits believe in British Exceptionalism and the Greeks believe in Greek Exceptionalism†. In 2013 Mitt Romney used this comment to attack Obama, stating that he did not believe in the power of the United States as a power, yet them comment had little power as the term has been lost somewhat. The majority of the countries have democracy, or have made a greater step towards it over the last century, leaving America with a much lesser role as the bringer of social equality. American Exceptionalism has shaped the world we live today, without it both America and Britain would not be looked to as a role model of strong democratic systems and equality. The idea has brought the same concepts to many other countries and helped to advance areas such as industry and the role of women. However, in recent years the power of American Exceptionalism has faded and the flaws have become more visible. The positive effects of American Exceptionalism are now much gentler, and the goal is more to help countries create justice, rather than impose America’s view. American Exceptionalism The term American Exceptionalism has many definitions to many different people. In general it refers to the idea that the United States of America holds the special title of worldwide peace keeper and bringer of justice and democracy as they are the land of the free. American Conservatives; such as the Tea Party, also pair the phrase up with the idea of superiority; whereas liberals would much more prefer Americans to see their country as ‘ordinary’ and so dislike the term. To them ordinary means things like American does not always assume its place as the world’s super power but simple acts as an international negotiator in times of need. The terminology was coined in 1831 by Alexis de Tocqueville as to explain a positive outward effect of America’s democracy. In 1929 the phrase was used adversely by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, when opposing the idea of the growth of capitalism in the states. In theory, American Exceptionalism works because of four key principles: divine right, resources, just beliefs and diversity. Many believe that the United States was chosen by God to lead the world and so they have the divine power to act in such a way over other countries. Although, others feel that the sheer wealth and resources the country has- such as the most powerful armed forces in the world gives them this power. Some consider the strong ideas and principles that the country was founded on as to the reason they have a greater say; whereas others argue that it is the mix of heritage and cultures, which makes America a kind of highbred of the best of the world, allowing for it to have this exceptional place in the world today. An odd and contradicting feature of the concept is that as an America knows best; they may over power their own legal system, other countries and conduct various types of secret activities if to protect the democratic system and state interests. America knows best: we must invade Iraq to free the people there from the dictatorship they live in, and then as a secondary thought because, they may have weapons of mass destruction (and oil that could be a lot of use to us). The idea that hacking people’s internet history and phone calls is just and fine, because the government can act beyond its means, as in the end they are protecting people from themselves- since they know best! The idea of Exceptionalism has allowed America to involve itself in many conflicts since the Mexican- American War of1846; where the Americans refused to accept that Mexico did not want to be a part of the United States and felt it was their mission to spread ‘freedom’ to the people of Mexico, right through to the Iraq war. During the Cold War the power of American Exceptionalism was used to display the American way of life as the right way and to try and crush the rising power of Communism. Ronald Reagan famously said that America had a duty to be â€Å"shining city on the hill† that the rest of the world would look up to. There are many positives and yet, many negatives of American Exceptionalism, and it is the principles of the term itself have brought about its demise. The waters have been muddied and so there are now many variations of the meaning of the words, which depend on the people using them. There is a spectrum of opinion: to some America is the almighty bringer of justice, and may do this by any means as long as they reach their end target of a freer and fair world. By contrast, others feel that Exceptionalism is simply used as a cover for the falling giant to do whatever it wants; from the invasions of lesser off countries, to spying on the day to day lives of millions of Americans. The use of Exceptionalism in foreign policy is often questioned; is it just a front the country can hide behind when actually working for personal gains rather than the good of the people? The expression is often used today in questioning America’s place as a super power. At a press conference in 2009 Obama was asked about his belief in American Exceptionalism he said: â€Å"I believe in American Exceptionalism, just as I suspect the Brits believe in British Exceptionalism and the Greeks believe in Greek Exceptionalism†. In 2013 Mitt Romney used this comment to attack Obama, stating that he did not believe in the power of the United States as a power, yet them comment had little power as the term has been lost somewhat. The majority of the countries have democracy, or have made a greater step towards it over the last century, leaving America with a much lesser role as the bringer of social equality. American Exceptionalism has shaped the world we live today, without it both America and Britain would not be looked to as a role model of strong democratic systems and equality. The idea has brought the same concepts to many other countries and helped to advance areas such as industry and the role of women. However, in recent years the power of American Exceptionalism has faded and the flaws have become more visible. The positive effects of American Exceptionalism are now much gentler, and the goal is more to help countries create justice, rather than impose America’s view.

Health Care Expenditure Essay

Health Care Expenditure Essay Health Care Expenditure Essay Health Care Spending in the United States Josephine Nelson University of Phoenix HCS 440 Instructor: Dr. Vernita Davis The United States spends more on health care per person than any other country in the world (Allen, 2014). Also, the United States spends more of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on health care than other countries (Allen, 2014). Advancing technology, the state of the US economy, and the goal of providing quality health care are the major factors that contribute to such high health care spending in the United States. Needless to say, health care spending in the United States is a growing concern that needs to be addressed in order for the country to thrive. Current National Health Care Spending In 2013 and 2014, the driving factors of health care spending was the aging population, the Affordable Care Act and the slow growth of the economy (CMS, 2012). Health care spending growth for 2013 was just under 4% (CMS, 2012). The aging population is larger and are also living longer. This means more people on Medicare than ever before. In 2013 there was slow economic growth due to the fiscal cliff and the high unemployment rates. In 2014, the economy is beginning to grow at a faster pace. The continued implementation of the Affordable Care Act is already beginning to have a positive impact on the economy. In 2014, several insurance plans have become available to people who were unable to become insured, and more affordable health insurance plans are now offered. This is resulting in reducing the number of uninsured in the US. Although there are now more people accessing medical care because they are insured, health care providers are now receiving more reimbursements from sources w hich were not available before (CMS, 2014). As aforementioned, health care spending represents 17% of GDP for the United States compared to eight to ten percent for other countries (Allen, 2014). CMS projects health care spending in the US to reach 19.9% by 2022 (CMS, 2014). In addition to spending the most on health care, the US also has the highest growth rate of health care spending amongst other countries. Lastly, another concern is that despite health care spending in the US, health outcomes for the US are lower than other countries. It is important that the US finds ways to reduce health care spending in order to continue to thrive as a country. If the US does not find ways to lower health care expenditures, America can be forced into another recession. When thinking about ways to cut health care spending, it is important to consider that there are several stakeholders in health care. There are consumers, the government, health care providers, and health insurers who are affected by health care spending. There may be several different solutions to cut health care spending, but very few solutions that will satisfy all of the stakeholders. However, some solutions for lowering health care spending in the US are: coordination of care, incentives for better care, transparency, and monitoring the cost-effectiveness of new technologies. Forecast of the Nation’s Health Care System There are still many Americans with insurance that do not have a primary care physician. Having a primary care physician helps coordinate care for an individual. Coordination of care eliminates unnecessary duplication of procedures and expensive tests and avoidable costly emergency room visits (Community Catalyst, 2008). Coordination of care could consist of helping implement a disease management program for individuals with choric diseases. It may also include expanding electronic medical records which prevents duplication of care (Community Catalyst, 2008). Offering incentives for quality care could also help cut health care spending. Currently, providers get paid based on the quantity of care provided, even if the care provided is not of good quality or cost-effective. Medicare has recently implemented a program that withholds payments for costs