The Simple Plurality System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 936 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? In Brittan the Simple Plurality System (FPTP) is used for general elections. However, the need for an electoral reform has been argued and a referendum on changing the electoral system from First-Past-The-Post to the Alternative Vote will be held on any day before the end of October 2011. This essay will include the problems of First-Past-The-Post and will discuss whether the Alternative Vote would be fairer. First-Past-The-Post or the Single Plurality System is an electoral system in which a candidate only needs the plurality of votes to win i.e. more votes than any other candidate, and doesnt need an overall majority. That is why this system is sometimes called the winner-take-all-system. However, it is possible to win with an overall majority and when a party regularly does so in a specific constituency; the seat of that constituency is called a safe seat. Whereas, when a party wins with a small margin in a particular constituency, the seat would be called a marginal seat and that could be easily changed. The main argument against FPTP is that it is disproportional, i.e. the percentage share of the popular vote of parties does not reflect the percentage share of seats. This means that candidates can be elected on a small amount of public support. For instance, in 1997 Labour won 419 out of 659 seats, which is 63% of seats, although it only won 43% of the votes. In addition, it has been argued that this system promotes tactical voting, that is people voting against the party they dislike rather than for the party they support. As well as that, a common argument against FPTP is that it wastes a huge amount of votes, since votes of the losing candidates and the surplus votes of the winning candidates are counted for nothing. Also, people who are against FPTP claim that it limits the choice of voters, as they can only vote on a package of policies and if they are dissatisfied with some of the policies that the partys manifesto contains they cannot express their opinions at the ballot box. Furthermore, it has been argued that FPTP dismays turnout, because many voters are reluctant to vote as they think their vote will not make a difference. This can be illustrated by the fact that turn out in European countries where PR and mixed systems are used is higher than in the UK. For these reasons many people want an electoral reform. The Liberal Democrats Party is the party, who included a pledge of a reform of the voting system. However, the Liberal Democrats wanted to change the system to the Single Transferable Vote system which is a PR system, but as a part of the coalition consensus with the Conservatives, they had to settle for the Alternative Vote. The AV is a majoritarian system, in which preferential voting is used. The referendum was supposed to be held on the 5th of May 2011, but the government lost by 195 votes to 199 on the 6th of December. Therefore, the referendum will be held anytime before the end of O ctober 2011. The main argument for the AV system is that it produces MPs, who have the majority support of the voters i.e. more than 50% of the vote. Moreover, it is argued that this system will lessen tactical voting, as voters can vote for the party they support no matter how small it is while knowing that their vote would still determine the winner. In addition, the division of constituencies under AV is the same as FPTP, so there would be no need for redrawing boundaries and each constituency will still have an MP who represents it. As well as that, supporter of AV believe that it excludes extremist parties which are unlikely to win second-preference votes. Whether or not the AV system is fairer than FPTP depends on individuals interpretation of fair. If fair is seen as more proportional, then some people argue that AV is a fairer system as they claim it is less disproportional than FPTP. Nonetheless, many people disagree and even believe that it could lead to a less propo rtional representation than FPTP and it is a winner takes all system as well. On the other hand, fair might be considered as a system in which the winner is more supported, in that sense, supporters of AV claim that it is fairer since the winner has more than 50% of the votes. Whereas, supporter of FPTP argue that FPTP produces a winner that is the voters first choice rather than their second or third preference. As already mentioned, AV is not the system that the Lib-Dems want; in fact Nick Clegg called it a miserable little compromise. Fiji, Australia and Papua New Guinea are the only three countries that use AV in their national general elections, and two of them are considering leaving it. Moreover, its argued that AV reduced the turnout in Australia, thats why they had to make voting mandatory. President of the no AV campaign Beckett, M (2010) said AV doesnt help democracy, it stands in its way, and I will be urging people to vote no next May. In conclusion, I think elect oral reform is a decision that needs a lot of consideration. Therefore, it is not a good idea to change the voting system to one which wasnt even included in the manifestos of either coalition parties, to choose between two majoritarian systems, to select a system which is more complicated and maybe more disproportional than the current one. In my point of view, even if the country needs an electoral reform, it should consider a different system rather than AV. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Simple Plurality System" essay for you Create order

The Relationship Between Personality And Sports And Exercise

Considerable amounts of research have been carried out on the relationship between personality and sport and exercise. A psychologist known as Eysenck introduced the Personality Theory in which he believed personality traits to have a ‘biological basis’ (Eysenck, H.J 1987). In addition, he also believed personality could be influenced by external factors such as the environment. Eysenck has indicated that there are, at least, three major dimensions of personality variation in the general human population, in which people fall somewhere in between. (Eysenck 1979, 1982; Lynn and Martin 1995). He identified these three main traits as Extroversion-introversion (E), Neuroticism-stability (N) and finally Psychoticism-superego (P). It has been argued that personality type and individual differences influence ones view and approach to, sport and exercise. (Eysenck 1979, 1982; Lynn and Martin 1995). There are many advantages and disadvantages of the different levels of these thre e main traits in different sporting activities. In Eysenck’s personality theory, extroversion is described through characteristics such as outgoing, sociable, optimistic and active. In comparison to this, introverts tend to be shy, reserved individuals who are typically careful and unsociable. (Gorczynski, 2014). According to Eysenck (Eysenck and Eysenck 1985) individual differences in extraversion are based upon variations in cortical arousal (the speed and amount of the brain s activity), which has beenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Figerouas Framework1149 Words   |  5 Pages* Equity affects nearly all aspects of our lives none less than sports such as beach volleyball. Sport is an integral part of today’s society and as such, sport should be organised, participated in and distributed in an equitable manner.The aim of equity in sports is to encourage all people, regardless of age, gender, disability or ethnic origin to participate in and develop their potential within sport. Disputes over equity have been apparent in our society for hundreds of years, over such thingsRead MoreFigueroas Framework973 Words   |  4 Pagesstart playing sport because it is fun; others may join a sporting group because their older brother or sister plays that sport. A new sporting complex may open nearby and provide a chance to try a new sport. Coaching clinics might inspire some people to give a sport a go. Teachers can provide both positive and negative sporting experiences. At school, peers can change adolescents’ attitudes about a sport that was previously enjoyed. 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Even public schools do not allocate enough time for kids to practice sports as much as they do for class-based education. In fact, physical activity for children is not only about pleasure time. Rather, it helps grown-up children to extend their capacity to grasp concepts explained in their classes. Children who are active while doing physical activity are expected to be active at class time. Thus, encouraging sports at school time is essential for child development not only for educationalRead MorePsychological Effects Of Exercise On The Body s Overall Health1736 Wo rds   |  7 PagesPsychological Effects of Exercise It is a well-kenned fact that exercise is very propitious to the body’s overall health. Exercise has been shown to enhance the circulation of blood throughout the body, relinquish solicitousness, boost self-esteem, and ultimately is utilized as a treatment for noetic illnesses. This paper perpetuates to expand fortifying major health benefits of conventional physical activity and exercise. However, there is withal a growing body of erudition that substantiates

Lord of the Flies A classic stands Free Essays

A classic stands the test of time because it presents timeless, universal ideas and people from all times and places can relate to it. William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies stands the test of time because of the universal ideas explored such as good versus evil and the nature of the human conditions. Lord of the Flies can be studied by people over and over again because it will always provide a message no matter who they are or where they come from. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies A classic stands or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, Lord of the Flies will stand the test of time because it explores the universal theme of good versus evil. Early in the novel, it can be seen that all the people are on the good side by calling an assembly using the conch; the conch represents democratic government. Later on in the story, Piggy and Ralph which represent good were versing Jack’s Hunters who represent the evil side. The conflict between the two groups can be seen through the rhetorical questions asked by Piggy before he is killed, â€Å"which is better-to be a pack of painted niggers like you are or to be sensible like Ralph is† and â€Å"which is better, law and rescue or hunting and breaking things up†. We believe that good versus evil will always be related to our society and therefore this book is a classic and will stand the test of time. Secondly, another reason that the Lord of the Flies will stand the test of time is the nature of human conditions such as power and survival shown in the book. In Lord of the Flies, the group of British boys have experienced an air crash and are on an isolated island with no law. They are lead by Ralph which believed they will get rescued, but Jack starts to gain power and forms a new camp as he does not want to follow the rules that Ralph has set up, this can be seen through â€Å"bullocks to the rules! We’re strong-we hunt! If there’s a beast, we’ll hunt it down! We’ll close in and beat and beat and beat! †. It can also be seen from this sentence that Jack and his hunters are getting further away from civilisation when doing things such as hunting for food and killing the beast due to survival. Jack has also used lord of the flies as a fear to control the other boys. The conflict idea of power and survival in the society explored by Golding in this book has made the story classic and timeless. It is therefore obvious that Lord of the Flies is a classic that stands the test of time. The universal idea has made the story timeless. William Golding has also explored the nature of human condition in Lord of the Flies. Both the universal idea and nature of human condition could show that the book stands the test of time. How to cite Lord of the Flies A classic stands, Essay examples

Strategic Planning Is To Structure Busines â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Strategic Planning Is To How to Structure the Business? Answer: Introduction Cassidy (2016) depicts that for an organization it is important to sketch their priorities, vision, mission, focus energy and different agreement for attaining intended business outcomes. This approach of detailed analysis is known as strategic planning. Strategic planning also ensures effective competencies of an organization regarding the fact that they can survive any adversity by marinating their business objectives. Thus, Smith (2013) portrays that absence of effective strategic planning not only results in poor business performance but also suffers for adversity like employee attrition, ineffective brand recognition and slow financial growth. Marketers also utilize some strategic planning tools for assessing their performance regularly and take effective steps for future improvements. Discussion Overview of the strategic planning Short et al. (2013) mentioned that strategic planning is a process of envisioning a desired future and evaluating strategies regarding strengthening operations, allocating resources for different business procedures along with maintaining and developing their companys resources. Organizations in this process evaluate their strength and weakness and assess their ability to develop in the future to attain more financial growth. This planning allows an organization to assess the gaps that have to be overcome for the business intensification (Cassidy, 2016). Strategic planning comprises of four simple steps that serve the purpose of business success. Analysis of the existing state In this stage, marketers evaluate organization's external and internal environment and assess the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats of the organization (Johnston Bate, 2013). The evaluation of the competencies of the rival groups and future scope and barriers for products and services development into a new market will also be assessed during this step. Outlining the future state Albrechts (2013) stated that after assessing the external and internal business environment, in the second phase, marketers develops the mission and vision statement that represents the position. In this phase, they intend to be in future and what approaches they have to take in order to attain those goals. Channon and Jalland (2016) moreover portray that essential values that supports the developed mission and vision is also assessed by the managing authorities of an organization. Determination of objectives and strategies In this step, not only the required approaches are determined but necessary resources are also listed that allows them to attain the business objectives efficiently (Gordon, 2013). Albrechts (2013) thus state that the resource allocation is primarily accomplished in this step. Implementation and evaluation This is the final step, where marketers implement and evaluate the plan. Floros (2015) also explains that in larger organizations like multinational companies or government bodies, this implementation of developed plan are carried out through different set of organizational member. Moreover, Peteraf et al. (2014) depicts that monitoring the entire recess allows mangers to assess whether or not the developed process is effective and whether or not positive results are obtained through the developed plan. Value of the strategic planning in Wesfarmers Wesfarmers being the leader in retail industry in Australia, it is evident that they have an effective strategic plan through which the concerned organization able to attain much financial growth and business success. Wesfarmers desires to increase their business divisions and hence obtained many acquisitions since 1984 to 2007 (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). As a result, by the year 2009,the concerned organization has nine divisions- Coles Group, Home Improvement Office Supplies, Target Group, K Mart Group, Resources, Insurance, Industrial- - Safety, Chemicals- - Fertilisers Division and Energy (Floros, 2015). The success in the business growth for Wesfarmers can easily be witnessed as each of the acquisitioned body comprised of other divisions. Their strategic planning also observed from their management of the entire group as well as the every division. Wesfarmers was governed by a board of 10 directors and each division is also regulated by a board of executive members (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). Wesfarmers also plans for focusing on the managing capital and intends to emphasize more on optimizing the cost of debt, management of the business portfolio and maintenance of the balance sheet flexibility. In addition to that, the goals that they have formulated also reveal their strategic planning. These objectives are- to follow entrepreneurial initiative for securing growth opportunities, obtaining operational excellence by provide strength to existing business, renewal of the business portfolio through value-adding transactions and establishing long- term management for ensuring sustainability (Smith, 2013). Their strategic planning also comprised of five broad steps- Start- Managers organizes planning and engage different parties to work collaboratively. Purpose- These managers also set target and size up the strategic challenges Analyze- In this step, the managers evaluate the internal business environment to establish necessary operations Decide- The established operation plans are once again evaluated so that the best strategy can be utilized for better business outcome. Execute- This is the final step, where the organizations leaders evaluates and actions on the strategies. Lastly, it can also be said that the corporate office determines performance targets for each of their divisions and that is measured by return of capital (ROC) and return of equity (ROE) in conventional times. The outcome is compared with the five- year divisional plan that is proposed by each Wesfarmers division. Another strategy that drives their success is their corporate culture. In addition to that, financial discipline was the key to their successful acquisition and generating satisfactory shareholder returns. According to their plan, the business unit managers are liable for carrying out all the business expansion details and Business Development Department (BDD) staff assists them to evaluate projects without affecting the business culture of each division. Consequences of absence of strategic planning Haines (2016) stated that strategic planning also provides a direction to all the working personnel. In addition to that, strategic plan is also useful from annual budgets to set an organizational culture. However, Hill et al. (2014) argues that absence of strategic plan signifies that the organization does not have any objective to follow. This furthermore results in lack of focusto achieve corporate goals, problems in allocating efficient resources for performing each business divisions. Cohen (2014) moreover portrays that effective strategic planning also demands a well structure hierarchy within the workplace. The lack of coherent planning also signifies that here is no focused effort for employees. The adverse effect of absence of strategic planning can also be witnessed through improper communication among the business units and divisions. In context of Wesfarmers, the corporate strategies are established through top- down structure that is the managers, who are seniors at the corporate level are also the member of board of directors at divisional boards. Baker (2014) explains that in this way, these managers not only can handle the working procedures in a particular unit but also act as an effective decision- maker for the entire Wesfarmers Group. Simons (2013) argues that in spite that the organization took every effective step to perform their business operations effectively, lack in proper planning results in huge loss for the organization. It is found from the case study that financial discipline was the key to Wesfarmers' acquisitions and the managing authorities are careful for not to pay too much. Initially many plans are made for the business but lastly, many plans often get rejected as it requires much cost for implementing. However, no additional plan was made if any plan gets rejected. The prime reason for this is that Wesfarmers values stakeholders more than companys acquisitions and they often opt for divestments if some of its costs too high. This results in low profitability for the entire organization in the year 2009 due to Coles Turnaround (Haines, 2016). The actual reason highlighted by many business experts are the difference of organizational values and objectives. Moreover, in the year 2016, Coles remains strong but the Wesfarmers 2016 profit dropped and their desired target was missed out (Abc.net.au., 2017). In the year 2016, Coles increased its revenue by 2.7% compared to its 2015 financial year but for this Wesfarmers investing in every day low pricing scheme by lowering Coles prices with nearly 1, 000 products (Ausfoodnews.com.au, 2017). Decision making model to address strategic analysis, choice and implementation The decision- making model comprise of eight steps- identification of the problem, establishment of the decisions criteria, weighing decision criteria, generating alternatives, evaluating the alternatives, choosing the best alternatives, implementation of the decisions and evaluation of the decisions (Cohen, 2014). Hill et al. (2014) also depicts that the strategic analysis comprise of the first five stages, where an organization develops effective plans for business benefits. The process of choice is represented by the sixth step while the implementation process comprises of seventh and eights step. Image 1- Decision- making model (Source- Cohen, 2014) Strategic Analysis Baker (2014) portrays that in this step, marketers defines the problem that necessitates the analysis. The major focus of this analysis is to gain competitive market share; building company image and refining the operational systems. Wesfarmers also identifies the approaches for business expansion and focusing on the specific departments through which they can provide a huge products and services options to their customers. Cohen (2014) also mentions that in this step, marketers also gather information that defines the strength of the organization. The businessperson also conducts observational studies and assembles qualified teams to evaluate departmental strengths. In case of Wesfarmers, the unit board of directors evaluates the competencies of each unit so that they can assess the performance of the overall unit. They analyze the strategic challenge that needs development of specific development of the undertaken systems. In the third step, the marketers often analyze internal env ironment for identifying the potential opportunities and threats. Wesfarmers mangers also identifies the firms effortsand other external business environment analysis like changes in government regulations, price reductions on raw materials or shifts in public opinion before acquisition other business divisions (Ibrahim, 2015). Taken for instance, Wesfarmers board of directors identify the opportunity for improve returns through improvements in operating costs and margins, optimizing level of working capital and identifying new sources from existing capital. Moreover, (Cohen, 2014) also highlight that in Wesfarmers the discipline of invest for growth is also planned by identifying opportunity to invest capital profitability. Lastly, the planning for managing capital is accomplished through optimizing the cost of debt through gearing and access to debt markets, managing business portfolio along with the maintenance of balance sheet flexibility. Lastly, the review of found results is crucial for identification of the most effective step for implementing an action. Strategic Choice This process comprise of choosing the best alternative among all other listed solutions. Gordon (2013) describes that strategic choice signifies the approach for understanding the nature of stakeholders expectations, identification of the strategic option and finally, the evaluation and selection of optimal choice. It is evident from the given case study that, one of the directors of Wesfarmers had noticed that the common thing that top organizations were following was high return on shareholder funds and is considered as fundamental measure for corporate success until now (Gordon, 2013). Changing the performance measures, setting targets for each division and developing five- year plan for each business divisions are some of the proposed strategies in Wesfarmers. However, the first suggested plan took much time to implement as the process is very cumbersome. Cohen (2014) also affirms that the other two strategies are effectively followed by the organization due to which Wesfarmers h ave attained immense success. Thus, it can be said that the second two proposed suggestions were selected. Strategic Implementation Baker (2014) portrays that strategic implementation resembles the penultimate stage of strategic management and strategic analysis and choice. In this context, it can be said that the second and third suggestion is implemented that is to perform according to the target set for each business divisions and developing a five- year divisional plan so that the progress can be evaluated. Taken for instance, Wesfarmers always valued their stakeholder more than their business profitability. Wesfarmers invested in bringing improvement in fresh produce offering, expanding its online shopping service and providing training to improve customer service (Ausfoodnews.com.au, 2017). However, in the same year Wesfarmers did not meet the set target but individually as a group, Coles managed to increase their profit by 2.7% compared to the previous year. Overview of business level strategies and identification of two business level strategies of the organization Baker (2014) explains that approaches and methods that a companyconducts various functions in the business operations resemble the business- level strategies. Larger companies like Wesfarmers, who have several departments with different business functions, often use more business strategies compared to small organizations. These business- level strategies also provide guidelines for managing authorities so that they can direct other employees for attaining business objectives (Li Dimitratos, 2014). There are four types of business- level strategies- Coordinate Unit Activities Channon and Jalland (2016) depicts that this business level strategies signifies the coordination of all individual unit activitiesof an organization. However, Baker (2014) stated that managers usually evaluate the coordination of these groups. These managers take all the decisions and liable for allocating resources among different business units or divisions. Identification of Market Niches Hill et al. (2014) highlighted that this process conducts economic analysis and examines customers and market demand. Moreover, Huys et al. (2015) describes other niches that are modification of existing products or services and targeting a specific demographic group. Channon and Jalland (2016) furthermore portrays that filling a specific market nicheallows other organizations to incur higher consumer prices. Utilize Human Resources Managing human resources are crucial for performing a business functions as employees or staffs are liable to operate all the business functionalities (Gordon, 2013). These building blocks of the organization are responsible to produce a specific output of goods or services. Thus, selecting right type of human resources of the organization drives the profitability and productivity of the organization. Monitor Product Strategies Gordon (2013) stated that evaluation of human resources and business culture is not only important but monitoring of the products and services are also important for evaluating the business effectiveness. Baker (2014) also affirms that some companies review the acquisition process for economic resources, business facilities and other administrative costs so that it can be ensured whether or not all the capital is used for earning a strong rate of return. In context of Wesfarmers, the two business- level strategies that are used are- Coordinate Unit Activities and Identification of Market Niches. Coordinate Unit Activities In Wesfarmers, there are boards of 10 directors, who are working as an executive directors as well as senior management at the corporate level. Moreover, the Managing Director of the concerned organization not only manages the finance of the company but also handles all the public affairs and human resource operations (Smith, 2013). Moreover, the authorities at the headquarter handles the business operations of all the other business divisions so that the Wesfarmers as an organization can outperform to attain maximum financial growth. Identification of Market Niches The prime objective of the Wesfarmers is to satisfy all kind of customers need through which they can serve their best for acquire best business outcomes. The Coles Group themselves provides supermarkets facility, convenience stores, liquor chains and online pharmacy services (Channon Jalland, 2016). Moreover, the division of Home Improvement Office Supplies has three retail divisions that serves- hardware, electronic goods and other office supplies (Gordon, 2013). On the other hand, Smith (2013) defines that The Target Group retails clothes, home- wares and electronic goods. K-Mart are also liable for the similar kind of business but served a relatively low-end market segment. Thus, from this discussion it can be evaluated that not only product niche is evaluated but the niche for market segment is also assessed through their acquisition. Wesfarmers also cover the insurance and fertilizers sectors through their acquisition of Lumley and CSB respectively. Overview of industry environment, importance of industry environment and its impact on organization Industry environment The forces that have a significant impact on the success of an organization based on the products and services offerings, threat of new competition, changesinconsumertastes and price competitiveness is known as industry environment (Channon Jalland, 2016). Purce (2014) also depicts that marketing departments cannot control these forces. Importance of industry environment The importance of industry environment can be witnessed from the provision of the ability of the managing authorities through which they can evaluate the progress of the organization (Purce, 2014). Industry environment analysis allows the marketers to review information on current economic market conditions and local economic market. Moreover, this assessment of industry environment also allows an organization to estimate how much profit they can generate through their business operations. (Smith, 2013) furthermore depicts that business owners may discover a market niche through the analysis of industry environment. Vertical and horizontal integration of an organization The overarching term vertical integration implies that a business organization expands into new operation in order to decrease the reliability of firms on others in the process of production as well as distribution. One of the most effective advantages of vertical integration is that by implementing this particular strategy a specific business organization has a complete control over one or more than one stages while distributing the product. Horizontal integration is another form of business strategy with the help of which a specific business organization intends to integrate internal assets for enhancing the range of production capacity (Mazzolari Neumark, 2012). The primary purpose of implementing horizontal integration is to acquire business acquisition for enhancing the productivity of organization. The enhancement of productivity would help the business organizations to generate more revenue that reflects in the business improvement. Horizontal integration is possessed with some of the major advantages. This specific business strategy helps the organization in integrating the business assets and enhancing internal resources for performing well. In context to the Wesfarmers it has been observed the business experts have primarily focused on horizontal integration in order to run their entire business process successfully in the market of retail industry. As per the case scenario it has been observed that Wesfarmers have used horizontal integration strategy in order to make an acquisition with Coles. The primary purpose of business acquisition with Coles was integrating internal assets (Reardon, Timmer Minten, 2012). As a result, people belonging to different geographical boundaries would get the scope to use the products and services within time. Wesfarmers primarily wanted to integrate the human resources in order to keep a constant control over the demand and supply of the products. However, the case scenario has depicted that after the business acquisition Coles failed to maintain their business process effectively in the market (Clrier Valle, 2013). The workforces were not able to perform well due to large number of re ligious barriers as well as cultural barriers. In this kind of situation, horizontal integration strategy was not effective for enhancing the revenue growth of this specific organization (Fernandes Chamusca, 2014). The revenue growth of Coles has been decreased after maintaining the business acquisition process of the organization. Wesfarmers in order to overcome this specific situation can be recommended to identify the issues that Wesfarmers is facing currently before using a specific business strategy. Image 2: Vertical and Horizontal strategy (Source: Basker, Klimek Hoang Van, 2012) Definition of diversification and recommendation Diversification is one of the most effective risk management technique based on which a specific business organization tends to focus on wide variety of investment within the portfolio. Diversification can be maintained on products, services and workforces. With the changing environment of business industry the rapid needs and demands of the customers are changing gradually. In this kind of situation, the customers tend to purchase products and services only when they would get variety (Assaf et al., 2012). Product diversification is one of the most effective business strategies of enhancing the needs and demands of the customers. Like the same way business organizations can maintain diversity within service process as well. The customers executives should be flexible enough in dealing with the customers of different cultural backgrounds. Consumers belonging to different geographical boundaries should be treated with equal respect and dignity. In this kind of situation, the target cu stomers would show their interest in using the products and service process of organization (Yu, Ramanathan Nath, 2014). In addition, diversification can be maintained in the recruitment process as well. People should be recruited as per the skill and competency level of the employees that than their cultural attributes. However, the human resource managers should recruit the employees from various psychologies and attitudes. As per the case scenario, it has been observed that Wesfarmers has maintained business acquisition strategy with Coles in order to render diversification within the business process. Ultimately, it has been observed that the implementation of this specific strategy is possessed with some of its negative effects as well (Berry?Stlzle, Hoyt Wende, 2013). After the implementations of product and service diversity the business experts failed to maintain a balance on the overall service process. The customers of Wesfarmers had to wait for a long time in order to receive the service of this specific organization. However, the primary recommendations that Wesfarmers can be provided for maintaining diversification at the workplace are as follows: Recruiting sufficient number of workforce: In order to maintain product diversification at the workplace Wesfarmers should recruit sufficient number of employees who would be able to keep a constant control over the entire business process. While maintaining diversified products and services the organization should have different counters (Ashworth, 2012). Therefore, sufficient number of workforce strength is highly needed who would be able to fulfill the needs and demands of customers and the customers would not have to wait for a long time in order to receive the service process. Providing professional and development training on maintaining professional attitude at the workplace: Wesfarmers can be recommended that employees should be provided a professional and development training. With the help of this training session, employees would be able to maintain their professional attitudes. Employees endowed with diverse cultures and attitudes cannot exchange necessary information with each other (Lowe, George Alexy, 2012). As a result, this specific training session would help the employees to maintain an effective communication with each other. In addition, an effective training session would help the employees to control over the entire process of business despite having diversification. Overview of strategic alliances and its advantage and disadvantage Strategic alliance is the mutual understanding between the two or more than two parties in order to reach the set of goals (Celerier Vallee, 2013). In this specific business scenario it has been observed that a mutual strategic alliance has been created between Coles and Wesfarmers for expanding the entire business process beyond going to the regional market. After evaluating the case study it has been observed that Wesfarmers failed to maintain an effective communication with the business experts of Coles. As a result, this particular strategic alliance theory has not become applicable for the business organization (Ashworth, 2012). Strategic alliance however is possessed with some of the major advantages and disadvantages. In context to Wesfarmers, the organization after making agreement with Coles has enhanced their number of workforces, their physical equipment, technological devices and many other material aspects (Berry?Stolzle, Hoyt Wende, 2013). As a result, the customers are getting services within time. People belonging to different geographical markets are getting necessary facilities and benefits from the business experts by using the advancement of technology. At the same time, the theory of strategic alliance is possessed with some of the major disadvantages as well. After the business acquisition the employees of different cultural backgrounds has been amalgamated within the same process of business (Lowe, George Alexy, 2012). As a result, employees fail to communicate with each other properly. Due to the lack of communication, the employees failed to provide appropriate service process to the employees. In this kind of situation, the business experts of Wesfarmers had to face innumerabl e difficulties in running drawing the attention of customers from different geographical locations. Synopsis of multinational, international, global and transnational strategies Multinational strategies Goerzen et al. (2014) portrays that a multinational organization invests in other country and are not intended to have coordinated product offerings in each country. Their strategy is to focus in adopting their products and services and offer it to in those local markets. International strategies International companies are liable to import and export their products. Buckley and Ghauri, (2015) describes that their strategies is to only investment in host countries. Hitt et al. (2016) also describes that international strategies deploys innovations and resourcesallocation through foreign investments. In international companies, marketers examine and audit their competence, present and prospective competitions along with position of its key suppliers (Verbeke Asmussen, 2016). Global strategies The strategy adopted by global companies is to invest in many nations and territories. They also emphasizes on selling of same products with same name in these nations. Cavusgil et al. (2013) furthermore stated that these organizations majorly focus on the cost management, efficiency and volume. In addition to that, Channon and Jalland (2016) portrays that global strategy needs to gain economies of scale for selling their same brand products to many customers. Transnational strategies According to the viewpoint of De Marchi et al. (2014), a transnational company follows a difficult organizational structure. Their strategy is to invest in foreign operations. They also involves in decision-making and marketing powers for each individual foreign country (Doh et al. 2015). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that strategic planning ensures effective competencies of an organization. Wesfarmers also develop some strategic plans that comprise of five steps. The first step is start, where managers organize planning and engage different parties to work collaboratively. The second phase is purpose, where these managers also set target and size up the strategic challenges. The third step is analyze and in this step, the managers evaluates internal business environment to establish necessary operations. The fourth step is decide that resembles that they focus on establishment of operation plans are once again evaluate the plan so that the best strategy can be utilized for better business outcome. The final and the fifth step is execute, here the organizations leaders evaluates and actions on the strategies. This allows the concerned organization to handle all their business division after acquisition different companies. It is also concluded from the discussion that Wes farmers conventional strategy for valuing stakeholder are still effective but for managing every business division effectively, all the subsidiaries must align their business culture together. This way in recent time, also they can attain maximum financial growth through each division. 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